19th Century, Russia
Icon of Christ Pantocrator
Tempera on panel, cm 44.5 x 39
The icon, from the Greek eikon, image, presents the narration of some episodes of the life of the Virgin and Jesus, constituting a treatise of theology in colors.
The peculiarity of the icons is evident from the preparation of the medium on which it is painted. The same wooden board is a symbol of the cross, while the canvas is a symbol of the mandylion, or the veil of Veronica, or the Shroud; the plaster that is spread on the canvas, the levkas is a symbol of the stone. The icons were painted on wooden boards, generally of linden, larch or fir. On the inner side of the tablet was generally made an excavation, called "chest" or "ark", so as to leave a raised frame on the edges. The icon is not a personal interpretation but a ritual with precise canons to be respected; unlike paintings, of which the name of the author is often known, the icon must remain anonymous. Theology considered icons works of God himself, made through the hands of the iconographer.
The Christ Pantocrator is one of the iconographic subjects that, starting from the 4th century, represent the isolated image of Christ: this type of image is widespread in Western medieval art and we find it on painted tables, frescoes and apsidal mosaics, bas-reliefs and high reliefs that adorn entrance portals and interiors of churches; as for Eastern Byzantine art, the fortune of this iconographic theme is not limited to the medieval period, coming to be proposed even in the contemporary world.
The Christ Pantocrator is portrayed in full figure or only bust, as in this case; his hair is parted on his head and he has a thick beard. With a stern look and eyes fixed on the observer, He holds a book in his left hand and with his right hand performs the gesture of the speaking hand, a gesture that turned into an act of blessing in the late Middle Ages. When the book is open, we find inscriptions that are the very voice of Christ. In the garment of Pantocrator (from the Greek pantocrator, ruler of all things), Christ is the ordering principle of reality, the synthesis of cosmic elements and spatial coordinates, the original unity of all living creatures.
The object is in good condition
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